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Space Weather Observations, Alerts, and Forecast

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Product: 3-Day Forecast - Issued: 2025 Mar 23 0030 UTC
Prepared by the U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction Center.

Geomagnetic Activity Observation and Forecast

The greatest observed 3 hr Kp over the past 24 hours was 6 (NOAA Scale G2).
The greatest expected 3 hr Kp for Mar 23-Mar 25 2025 is 7.00 (NOAA Scale G3).

NOAA Kp index breakdown Mar 23-Mar 25 2025

	Mar 23	Mar 24	Mar 25
00-03UT	6.00 (G2)	4.67 (G1)	3.00
03-06UT	7.00 (G3)	4.33	2.67
06-09UT	6.00 (G2)	3.67	2.67
09-12UT	5.00 (G1)	3.00	3.00
12-15UT	4.33	2.33	3.67
15-18UT	4.67 (G1)	2.67	5.00 (G1)
18-21UT	5.33 (G1)	2.67	5.00 (G1)
21-00UT	5.33 (G1)	3.00	5.67 (G2)

Rationale: G3 (Strong) geomagnetic storming is likely on 23 Mar due to CME arrival. G1 (Minor) geomagnetic storming is likely on 24 Mar as CME and CH HSS wane. G1 (Minor) to G2 (Moderate) geomagnetic storming is likely on 25 Mar under the influence of CH HSS.

Solar Radiation Activity Observation

Solar radiation, as observed by NOAA GOES-18 over the past 24 hours, was below S-scale storm level thresholds.

Solar Radiation Storm Forecast for Mar 23-Mar 25 2025

	Mar 23	Mar 24	Mar 25
S1 or greater	5%	5%	5%

Rationale: No S1 (Minor) or greater solar radiation storms are expected. No significant active region activity favorable for radiation storm production is forecast.

Radio Blackout Activity

No radio blackouts were observed over the past 24 hours.

Radio Blackout Forecast for Mar 23-Mar 25 2025

	Mar 23	Mar 24	Mar 25
R1-R2	30%	30%	30%
R3 or greater	5%	5%	5%

Rationale: A chance for R1-R2 (Minor-Moderate) radio blackouts exists due to M-class flares through 25 Mar.

Sun Images

eit 171	eit 195	eit 284	eit 304


Images: From left to right: EIT 171, EIT 195, EIT 284, EIT 304 EIT (Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope) images the solar atmosphere at several wavelengths, and therefore, shows solar material at different temperatures. In the images taken at 304 Angstrom the bright material is at 60,000 to 80,000 degrees Kelvin. In those taken at 171 Angstrom, at 1 million degrees. 195 Angstrom images correspond to about 1.5 million Kelvin, 284 Angstrom to 2 million degrees. The hotter the temperature, the higher you look in the solar atmosphere.

SDO/HMI Continuum	SDO/HMI Magnetogram	LASCO C2	LASCO C3


The MDI (Michelson Doppler Imager) images shown here are taken in the continuum near the Ni I 6768 Angstrom line. The most prominent features are the sun spots.		LASCO (Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph) is able to take images of the solar corona by blocking the light coming directly from the Sun with an occulter disk, creating an artificial eclipse within the instrument itself.
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Introduction Movie

Conditions on the Sun and in the solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere and thermosphere that can influence the performance and reliability of space-borne and ground-based technological systems and can endanger human life or health. This introduction movie in the English language will open on a new tab/window when you click on the image below.